This study delves into the multifaceted dynamics of public assistance to refugees, particularly in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and its subsequent impact on Poland. The research builds on existing literature, which predominantly focuses on individual level factors influencing helping behavior, by adopting a group-level perspective that considers shared identity among hosting residents and refugees. It acknowledges the global refugee crisis's alarming scale, emphasizing the urgent need for understanding collective responses to forced migration.

The study is also available in Ukrainian and Russian.